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Supported Environments

The following environments are recommended for interactive content:

  1. Ubuntu Linux-based environments
  2. Python environments
  3. Java environments
  4. JavaScript environments
  5. .NET environments
  6. Kubernetes environments
  7. Rocky Linux-based environments
  8. Kali Linux-based environments
  9. Cloud Lab environments

Ubuntu Linux-based environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base Version Notes
ubuntu-24.04:10

24.04

Base Ubuntu 24.04 image

  • sysbox-ubuntu-24.04:1 – Alias

This is faster and uses fewer resources compared to our 22.04 environment. Uses Sysbox for isolation instead of KVM.
ubuntu:22.04

22.04

Base Ubuntu 22.04 image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04:10 instead

  • docker:latest – Alias
  • ubuntu-2node:22.04 – Two node environment
  • ubuntu:22.04-4gb – Increased memory limit
ubuntu2204-base-image-v1:latest

22.04

Fast loading, does not support Docker

  • ubuntu:latest – Alias

Fast starting environment without docker support
ubuntu:2004

20.04

Base Ubuntu 20.04 image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04:10 instead

  • ubuntu:2004-4gb – Increased memory limit
  • ubuntu:2004-8gb – Increased memory limit
ubuntu:1904

19.04

Base Ubuntu 19.04 image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04:10 instead

ubuntu:1804

18.04

Base Ubuntu 18.04 image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04:10 instead

  • ubuntu:1804-4gb – Increased memory limit
  • ubuntu:1804-8gb – Increased memory limit
ubuntu:1604

16.04

Base Ubuntu 16.04 image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04:10 instead

  • dind1604-direct – unknown
ubuntu-base-image-v1

unknown

Base Ubuntu image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04:10 instead

ansible-2node:2.13

20.04

Ansible 2.13 w/two hosts
bash:5.1

22.04

Bash 5.1 focused image
bash1804

18.04

Bash

*Deprecated*

Use bash:5.1 instead

beam:2.19

unknown

Beam 2.19
cplusplus:13.1

22.04

C++ v.13.1 a high-level, general-purpose programming language
ubuntu-24.04-docker-26:1

24.04

Docker focused image
docker

20.04

Docker focused image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-docker-26:1 instead

dind

unknown

Docker in Docker focused image

  • dind-direct – unknown
ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-8:1

24.04

.Net version 8
dotnet:7.0

22.04

.Net version 7
ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-6:1

24.04

.Net version 6
dotnet:6.0

22.04

.Net version 6

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-6:1 instead

mono:6.12.0

unknown

Mono 6.12
ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-3:1

24.04

.Net version 3
ubuntu-24.04-csharp-10:1

24.04

C# / csharp v10
ubuntu-24.04-git-2.43:1

24.04

Git focused image
git:latest

22.04

Git

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-git-2.43:1 instead

ubuntu-24.04-go-1.22:1

24.04

Go / golang 1.22
golang:1.25.1ubuntu

22.04

Go / golang 1.25
golang:1.16

unknown

Go / golang 1.16

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-go-1.22:1 instead

golang:1.14

unknown

Go / golang 1.14

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-go-1.22:1 instead

jenkins:latest

unknown

Jenkins
kafka:3.2

unknown

Kafka 3.2
ubuntu-24.04-llama-1.1b:1

24.04

Llama 1.1b
mlflow:1.7.2

unknown

mlflow 1.7.2
ubuntu-24.04-mysql-8:1

24.04

MySQL 8 focused image
mysql:8.0

unknown

MySQL 8

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-mysql-8:1 instead

ubuntu-24.04-postgresql-16:1

24.04

Postgresql 16 focused image
powershell:latest

unknown

Powershell 7.1.3
pulsar-running:2.5

unknown

Pulsar 2.5
ubuntu-24.04-r-4.4:1

24.04

R / rlang 4.4
rlang:3.6.3

22.04

R / rlang 3.6

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-r-4.4:1 instead

rlang:3.4

unknown

R / rlang 3.4

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-r-4.4:1 instead

rlang

unknown

R / rlang

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-r-4.4:1 instead

ruby:3.2

22.04

Ruby 3.2
rails:7.1

unknown

Ruby on Rails 7.1
ubuntu-24.04-rust:1

24.04

Rust focused image
rust:1.75.0

22.04

Rust 1.75 focused image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-rust:1 instead

rust:1.67.1

unknown

Rust 1.67 focused image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-rust:1 instead

rust:1.44.1

unknown

Rust 1.44 focused image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-rust:1 instead

scala:latest

20.04

Scala 3.1 focused environment
ubuntu-24.04-spark-3.5:1

24.04

Spark 3.5
spark:3.1.2

unknown

Spark 3.1.2

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-spark-3.5:1 instead

swift:5.9

22.04

Swift 5.9

  • swift:latest – Alias

Python environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base Version Notes
ubuntu-24.04-python-3.13:main

24.04

Python 3.13
python:3.12

unknown

Python 3.12
ubuntu-24.04-python-3.11:main

24.04

Python 3.11
python:3.11

22.04

Python 3.11.3
python:3.8

unknown

Python 3.8

*Deprecated*

Use python:3.11 instead

python:3.7

unknown

Python 3.7

*Deprecated*

Use python:3.11 instead

python:3.6

unknown

Python 3.6

*Deprecated*

Use python:3.11 instead

ubuntu-24.04-miniconda-24.4:1

24.04

Python Miniconda 24.4
ubuntu-24.04-miniconda-23.1:1

24.04

Python Miniconda 23.1

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-miniconda-24.4:1 instead

ubuntu-24.04-miniconda-4.5:1

24.04

Python Miniconda 4.5

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-miniconda-24.4:1 instead

FIXME: I’m pretty sure the version number is a typo.
anaconda:2022.10

20.04

This is a full anaconda (2022.10) install, including Python, PyTorch, NLTK, numpy, and scikit-learn. We recommend that Python ML labs use this environment to make startup/setup simpler and faster.

  • pytorch:latest – Alias
tensorflow:latest

unknown

Tensorflow 2.10 (tensorflow-lite)
tensor-flow-lite:2.1

unknown

Tensorflow 2.1 (tensorflow-lite)

*Deprecated*

Use tensorflow:latest instead

django:5.0

unknown

Django 5.0 focused image
django:3.0

22.04

Django focused image

Java environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base Version Notes
ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-22:main

24.04

Java / OpenJDK 22
ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-21:1

24.04

Java / OpenJDK 21 LTS
java:latest

20.04

Java / OpenJDK 21

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-21:1 instead

ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-17:1

24.04

Java / OpenJDK 17

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-21:1 instead

java:17

unknown

Java 17

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-21:1 instead

openjdk:16

unknown

Java / OpenJDK 16

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-21:1 instead

openjdk:15

unknown

Java / OpenJDK 15 w/Scala

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-21:1 instead

openjdk:11

unknown

Java / OpenJDK 11

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-openjdk-21:1 instead

springboot:3.0

20.04

A java 19 environment with Spring Boot 3.0 demo project in /root/demo
springboot:2.7

unknown

A java environment with Spring Boot 2.7 demo project in /root/demo

*Deprecated*

Use springboot:3.0 instead

kotlin:latest

20.04

Kotlin 1.7
kotlin:1.3.61

unknown

Kotlin 1.3

*Deprecated*

Use kotlin:latest instead

JavaScript environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base Version Notes
ubuntu-24.04-nodejs-20:1

24.04

Node.js 20 focused image
nodejs:18

22.04

Node.js 18 focused image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-nodejs-20:1 instead

nodejs:12

unknown

Node.js 12 focused image

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-nodejs-20:1 instead

react:18

unknown

React 18
ubuntu-24.04-typescript-5.4:1

24.04

TypeScript 5.4
typescript:5.0

22.04

TypeScript 5.0

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-typescript-5.4:1 instead

.NET environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base Version Notes
ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-9:main

24.04

.NET version 9
ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-8:1

24.04

.NET version 8
dotnet:7.0

22.04

.NET version 7
ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-6:1

24.04

.NET version 6
dotnet:6.0

22.04

.NET version 6

*Deprecated*

Use ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-6:1 instead

mono:6.12.0

unknown

Mono 6.12
ubuntu-24.04-dotnet-3:1

24.04

.NET version 3
ubuntu-24.04-csharp-10:1

24.04

C# / csharp v10

Kubernetes environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base OS Version Notes
kubernetes:1.32

Ubuntu 24.04

1.32

Kubernetes 1.32

  • kubernetes-nostart:1.32 – does not automatically start kubernetes
  • kubernetes-highmem:1.32 – increased memory limits on controlplane and node
kubernetes:1.31

Ubuntu 24.04

1.31

Kubernetes 1.31

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes-nostart:1.31 – does not automatically start kubernetes
kubernetes:1.30

Ubuntu 24.04

1.3

Kubernetes 1.30

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes-nostart:1.30 – does not automatically start kubernetes
  • kubernetes:1.30-locked-1.30.5 – pinned 1.30.0 with 1.30.5 images pre-pulled for kubeadm upgrade
kubernetes:1.29

Ubuntu 24.04

1.29

Kubernetes 1.29

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes:1.29-44 – pinned stable version
  • kubernetes-nostart:1.29 – does not automatically start kubernetes
kubernetes:1.28.2

Ubuntu 22.04

1.28

Kubernetes 1.28

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes-running:1.28.2 – auto-starts kubernetes

The cluster might still be starting when the user is connected. To provide the user with feedback, we recommend that you automatically run a script called launch.py when the user connects by calling it inside of your foreground.sh or background.sh file(s). This can be done automatically via a Foreground Script.

Without running launch.py, users will see the following error when they attempt to access Kubernetes before it has started: The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

If you are planning to use the kubectl port-forward functionality within your scenario then please be aware that by default this only accepts connections from 127.0.0.1 and as such the Katacoda Proxy won’t be able to access the port., please ensure that the command binds to 0.0.0.0 using kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0.
kubernetes-cluster:1.28

unknown

1.28

Kubernetes 1.28

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

kubernetes-cluster:1.26

unknown

1.26

Kubernetes 1.26

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes-running:1.26 – auto-starts kubernetes
  • kubernetes-cluster-running:1.26 – auto-starts kubernetes
kubernetes-cluster:1.24

unknown

1.24

Kubernetes 1.24

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes-running:1.24 – auto-starts kubernetes
kubernetes-cluster:1.23

unknown

1.23

Kubernetes 1.23

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes-cluster-running:1.23 – auto-starts kubernetes
kubernetes-cluster:1.20

unknown

1.2

Kubernetes 1.20

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes-cluster-running:1.20 – auto-starts kubernetes
kubernetes-cluster:1.18

unknown

1.18

Kubernetes 1.18

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

  • kubernetes-cluster-running:1.18 – auto-starts kubernetes
kubernetes-cluster:1.14

unknown

1.14

Kubernetes 1.14

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

kubernetes-cluster

unknown

unknown

Kubernetes

*Deprecated*

Use kubernetes:1.32 instead

minikube

unknown

unknown

Minikube

Rocky Linux-based environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base Version Notes
rocky:9.3

9.3

Rocky Linux 9.3 Base Image
rocky:9.2

9.2

Rocky Linux 9.2 Base Image
rocky:8.4

8.4

Rocky Linux 8.4 Base Image

Kali Linux-based environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base Version Notes
sysbox-kali-2024.2:1

2024.2

Kali Linux 2024 Base Image
kali:2024.2

2024.2

Kali Linux 2024 Base Image

*Deprecated*

Use sysbox-kali-2024.2:1 instead

kali:2023.1

2023.1

Kali Linux 2023 Base Image

*Deprecated*

Use sysbox-kali-2024.2:1 instead

kali:2022.4

2022.4

Kali Linux 2022 Base Image

*Deprecated*

Use sysbox-kali-2024.2:1 instead

Cloud Lab environments

Hide Deprecated
Image ID Base Version Notes
orm-azure

unknown

Microsoft Azure cloud labs environment
orm-aws

unknown

Amazon (AWS) cloud labs environment
orm-gcp

unknown

Google Cloud Platform (GCP) cloud labs environment

NOTE: If you aren’t able to access the code links in the preceding table, please email interactivesupport@oreilly.com to request access.

Exploring the Environments (What’s Installed?)

Environments come preloaded with a number of common languages and tools. If you need to know which version of a package is currently installed (or are simply curious), open up the environment sandbox you’re interested in and run whatever version or existence commands you would like. For example, in the Ubuntu sandbox you might run:

lsb_release -a
gcc --version
perl --version
ruby --version
node --version
go version
java -version
javac -version
docker version
docker-compose version
pip --version
python --version
pip3 --version
python3 --version
dotnet --version

Or to list all packages installed:

apt list --installed > out
cat out

If you don’t see the package(s) or tool(s) you need for your labs, chances are they can be provided to the lab environment via a foreground or background script.